Which condition is characterized by brown or gray patches usually on the face?

Melasma is characterized by the development of brown or gray patches on the face, particularly on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip. It is often related to hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy or with the use of oral contraceptives, and is exacerbated by sun exposure. This skin condition results from an overproduction of melanin, the pigment in the skin, leading to uneven pigmentation.

The visibility of melasma can fluctuate with sun exposure and hormonal fluctuations, making it distinct from other skin conditions. It commonly appears symmetrically on the face, which is a key identifying feature.

Other skin conditions, while they may cause discoloration or blemishing, do not present in the same patchy pigmentation pattern associated with melasma. Recognizing the specific characteristics of each skin condition is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment.