How do open comedones primarily differ from closed comedones?

Open comedones, commonly known as blackheads, differ from closed comedones, which are referred to as whiteheads, based on their appearance and the condition of the pore. Open comedones occur when a hair follicle becomes clogged with sebum (oil), dead skin cells, and other debris, but the follicle remains open at the surface. This exposure to air causes the material inside to oxidize, resulting in a dark appearance.

In contrast, closed comedones form when the follicle is clogged but remains covered by a thin layer of skin, preventing oxidation and maintaining a white or flesh-colored appearance. Understanding this distinction is crucial for estheticians, as it directly influences treatment approaches, such as extraction techniques and product recommendations for clients. The visibility and treatment of these conditions in skincare practice underscore the importance of recognizing the characteristics of different types of comedones.